Chile

​ __**Essential Question​**__ 1.Did Chilean myths, legends, and/or belief systems help build the Chilean culture? If so how? __**Essential Understandings**__ 1. Retell and interpret old Chilean folktales, songs, legends, myths, and stories of heroism that describe the histroy and tradition of Chile. 2. Understand the Chilean history and also retell the Spanish takeover in Chile. 3. Describe the Chilean culture ( arts, crafts, music, language, food, clothing, and traditions. ) __**Thesis Statement**__ 1. Chilean myths, legends, and belief systems helped build the Chilean culture.​ __**Chilean Empanadas Recipe**__

 Ingredients:DOUGH 3 Cups All-purpose flour 1 Teaspoon Coarse salt 8 Tablespoons Unsalted butter -- cut in bits 2 Egg yolks 2 Tablespoons Tarragon vinegar 9 Tablespoons Cold water

<span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-49a81610eec682f00e463dbdc112179a ac_i-checked"> FILLING <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-f07af517cfda20634ef5e895b5964729 ac_i-checked">1 tablespoon Olive oil <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-2f505b23696e8d0ea64a970fb519b6d7 ac_i-checked">1 teaspoon Spanish paprika <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-6c905f432815b32217d7cd2d2cbc0906 ac_i-checked">1/8 teaspoon Cayenne <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-f36fb2c29b38409bea5f4794cd289ad3 ac_i-checked">2 tablespoons Unsalted butter <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-8a1ce978b218a73024bf57e97159d2ae ac_i-checked">2 medium Onions -- chopped fine <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-3a45d8eb98437a60620d733335ea33b5 ac_i-checked">1/2 pound Lean ground beef <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-20fa93f8c04ea7da79d2471a846b5ce6 ac_i-checked">1/4 teaspoon Dried oregano <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-4831a7a6142721245e69f9beb1f780ea ac_i-checked">2 teaspoons Coarse salt <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-0beedd6ee7ef6e0025624a457f591a32 ac_i-checked">1 Bay leaf <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-42d959c0b36d373068b81278283dcaff ac_i-checked">1/2 cup Beef stock <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-f0d79362bdf0d27420fb30ca812e43a4 ac_i-checked">3 tablespoons Seedless raisins <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-1c7cb95590171a18b9c04662b03e64c4 ac_i-checked">8 Kalamata olives -- chopped <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-a85ef2ac7a706b3aed71407f252274f7 ac_i-checked">1 Hard-boiled egg -- chopped

<span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-137eae6c8313b30bcba9082ef1dd24bb ac_i-checked">GLAZE <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-c1c7e9507fabe36650883daa33f45bf9 ac_i-checked">1 Egg yolk <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-502a1aeb6c869f4ee7e09231ae62d551 ac_i-checked">1 whole Egg <span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-ebab1e76a2df6df23add4eb50b2f4186 ac_i-checked">1 tablespoon Cold water Directions:<span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-cae5e6d29829bd674a821e647884c286 ac_i-checked">Sift the flour and salt into a bowl. Add the butter, egg yolks, and vinegar and mix quickly and thoroughly with your fingertips until all ingredients are well incorporated. Add 5 tablespoons of the water and continue mixing, adding just enough of the remaining water, a little at a time, to make a firm dough. Refrigerate until ready to use.

<span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-625e714828c31665b91fbd079b5fe8b3 ac_i-checked">For the filling, heat the oil and butter in a saute pan. Add the onions and saute over medium heat until light brown around the edges, about 5 minutes. Add the beef, oregano, salt, and bay leaf and cook until all the liquid has evaporated. Add the stock and continue cooking until the stock has almost -- but not quite -- evaporated. Mix in the raisins and olives. Remove from the heat and let cool. Stir in the chopped hard-boiled egg. Correct the seasoning with salt to taste. Set aside.

<span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-f89038e6b79417922afd6568548e67b9 ac_i-checked">Preheat the oven to 375 degrees. On a floured board, roll out the dough about 1/8-inch thick, shaping it into a 16-inch square. Cut out circles about 5-inches in diameter. Knead and re-roll the scraps and cut into additional circles. Place a heaping tablespoon of the meat filling about 1/2-inch from the edge of each circle. Brush the border of the circle with juices from the filling or with water. Fold the dough over to form a half-moon, pressing the edges together with your fingertips or the tines of a fork to seal. Prick the top of each empanada once or twice with the tines of the fork. Repeat this process until all the empanadas are assembled.

<span class="ac_i_spanny ac_i-e540836e03979a075c91a2fceb426d54 ac_i-checked">Make the glaze by beating the egg yolk and egg with the water. Spread parchment paper on a baking sheet. Arrange the empanadas on top and brush with glaze. Bake for 30 minutes, or until golden. Remove the baking tray from the oven, and transfer the empanadas to a serving platter or individual plates, and serve hot. <span style="background-color: #00ff00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;">__**Chilean National Anthem**__

Puras brisas te cruzan también. Y tu campo de flores bordado Es la copia feliz del Edén. Majestuosa es la blanca montaña Que te dio por baluarte el Señor Que te dio por baluarte el Señor, Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña Te promete un futuro esplendor Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña Te promete un futuro esplendor.
 * ~ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Spanish original ||~ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Translation ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado

Dulce Patria, recibe los votos Con que Chile en tus aras juró: Que o la tumba será de los libres O el asilo contra la opresión Que o la tumba será de los libres O el asilo contra la opresión Que o la tumba será de los libres O el asilo contra la opresión O el asilo contra la opresión O el asilo contra la opresión. || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Pure, Chile, is your blue sky; Pure breezes cross you as well. And your flower-embroidered field Is the happy copy of Majestic is the white mountain That was given to you as a bastion by the Lord That was given to you as a bastion by the Lord And that sea that quietly washes your shores Promises you a future splendor And that sea that calmly washes your shores Promises you a splendid future. Sweet fatherland, accept the vows With which Chile swore at your altars: Either the tomb will be of the free Or the refuge against oppression Either the tomb will be of the free Or the refuge against oppression Either the tomb will be of the free Or the refuge against oppression Or the refuge against oppression Or the refuge against oppressio || ​This is a picture of a young Chilean singer singing her country's national anthem on the Chilean Independince day. ​ <span style="background-color: #00ffff; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;"> __**Expository Writing**__
 * Coro**
 * Chorus**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Did Chilean myths, legends, and/or belief systems help build the Chilean culture? If so how? Chile is located on the southwestern coast of South America. The map of Chile shows the locations of different cities of the country situated in various corners. Chile map also provides a detailed locational information regarding the touristy places of the country. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Santiago Chile is the capital city and Spanish is the official language of the country. For the people who wish to visit this country Chile tourism offers the visitors a host of appealing destinations like that of Puerto Montt, Arica, Castro, Valparaiso, Coquimbo, among many others. Being blessed with the natural splendor of Torres del Paine, Chile is visited by huge number of tourists every year. Chilean mythology evolved over the years due to constant interaction between the myths and beliefs of several ethnic groups of the country. The amalgamation of indigenous and derived mythology resulted into the origin of Chilean mythology. Two important Chilean mythologies are: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Other important Chilean Mythology is City of the Caesars, Alicanto and Chilota mythology. The estimation in the year of 1990-91 calculated almost half the population (52.1%) practiced Protestantism. These people mostly belonged to the poorer groups, while a small group of 2.3% led a life of extravagance. The Catholics in Chile hailed from the rich families or belonged to an elite class in the society. Almost 16% of the population call themselves Evangelical, a term which implies their institution to be non-Catholic churches, but they do have orthodox faiths like the protocols of Seventh-Day Adventists, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses. The Chile population also practices the Jewish religion. The Jewish community in Chile comprises almost 30,000 members. There is less than 1% of Islam and the Baha'i communities. The Amerindians as they are called still practice a native religion of shamanism.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Mapuche Mythology- This mythology evolved from ancient religious beliefs. In the mythology of Mapuche, an older woman called Machi is an integral part of the culture. Machi are known to have an extensive knowledge of Chilean medicinal plants. They can Some of the legends of Mapuche Mythology are legend of Coi Coi Vilu, Trentren Vilu, ward off evil and cure chronic diseases. Machitun is the chief ceremony of the machi. Chonchon, Kalku, Ngen spirits and such other spirits.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Rapa Nui Mythology- This mythology is also known as Easter Island mythology. This mythology is originated from the myths and beliefs of indigenous Rapa Nui people. Hotu Matu'a, Tangata manu, Make-make, Hanau Epe are the popular myths of Rapa Nui Mythology. Rapa Nui mythology symbolizes the culture and history of native Rapa Nui people. Marine components are significantly highlighted in the mythology of Rapa Nui.
 * Chilean culture **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> is very rich and is largely influenced by the European heritage that prevails in the cultural structure of the country from the very beginning of the establishment. Chile has always been one of the most progressive countries in America in the field of art and culture. Paris education, which had been brought in the country by several Chilean intellectuals, left noticeable impact on the cultural aspect of Chile.

Chile Language comprises mainly Spanish as Chile's official language. English, German and many native languages are also spoken in Chile. Languages in Chile have their own charm playing with typical accents of Latin America. The official language of Chile is Spanish. The accent of the Chileans is similar to the Latin Americans at the primary stage. The Chileans refer to their spoken language, Spanish as "Castellano" or Castilian but not "Espanol", which will be the response of most of the Latin Americans. The Chileans speak Spanish in their own accent and mannerisms while talking. This particular style is called Chilean Spanish. Though the language has similarity with standard Spanish, still their distinctive pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and way of talking is remarkably homogeneous. Chile Tradition can be judged on two completely different lively and contrastive aspects that are predominate in Chile, namely the cosmopolitan tradition popular among the urban population and the peasantry culture, which has largely influenced the Chilean music. Chile enfolds a prospering literary tradition ever since it has produced two Nobel Prize winners in the fields of literature. The honorary poets are Gabriela Mistral and Pablo Neruda. Enriched language has always been the reason of promotion of cultural homogeneousness in Chile. The Araucanians and some Aymara minor groups are influenced by the values of the Chilean cultural identity. Chileans have always held back their own customs and traditions, even among the minority groups, in spite of receiving positive influences from others. The loyalty of Chilean tradition have been kept irrespective of any religion, whether Christian or non-Christian practices. The Chile Festival makes the culture of the country more colorful. There are four main festivals along with some other festivals that originated from different clans and smaller groups or vicinities. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The **festivals in Chile**, which are celebrated nationally, are the following: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chile History is a continuous chronicle of one of the most colorful countries in the Southern Americas. Chilean history is thus a colorful saga of the country's trials and tribulations and its final victory against the enemies of the nation. Ancient Chile was originally ruled by the Incas of the north and the peregrine Araucanos in the south. The first European visit to these shores of Chile was paid by the Portuguese maritime pioneer Ferdinand Magellan. He grounded at Chiloé Island after his travels, in 1520, through the strait that now bears his name. At the time the region was called as Tchili, by its native population, the word is a Native American word meaning "snow." A Spaniard in 1541, Pedro de Valdivia, established Santiago. Chile gained its independence in 1818 from Spain under an Argentinian, José de San Martin and Bernardo O'Higgins. Dictator until 1823, O'Higgins established the cornerstones of the advanced state with a bi-party system and a concentrated government. Diego Portales, who reigned as a dictator from 1830 to 1837, went to war with Peru in 1836–1839 to expand Chilean territory. Again in 1879 to 1883 Chile fought the War of the Pacific with Bolivia and Peru annexing extensive areas from Peru and Antofagasta, Bolivia's sole gateway to the sea. The parliamentary dictatorship established after the revolt of Pedro Montt in 1891 lasted until the adoption of the new constitution in 1925. Before the beginning of the World War I rapid industrialization caused the formation of Marxist groups. During World War II, Juan Antonio Ríos, the then president was at first inclined towards the Nazis but changed his mind in 1944 and decided in favor of leading his nation into the battle on the side of the Allies. Chile is known for its mountains. They’re amazing you can go up from sea level to 22,000 in less than 20,000 km. Chile is actually a lot like Lebanon, mostly the weather and the people. The people are very kind and warming and the weather is awkward, well at least that’s what my mom told me.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Fiesta de San Pedro - takes place in the coasts of Chile. The people of this place come in their real celebration mood when the fishermen decorate their small boats and take the photograph of their vehicle in the sea. Often at night it is laminated by candles. This festival prays for good weather at sea and good catches for the year.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Fiestas Patrias - This is the festival of Chile's Independence Day and is celebrated throughout the country streets with vibrating carnivals, music and dancing in the country.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Fiesta Grande de la Virgen de Andacollo - Almost 100,000 pilgrims scattered all over the northern Chile come to the sacred place of Andacollo in Norte Chico, to worship the Virgen and experience the famous masked dance.

Chilean myths, legends, and belief systems helped build the Chilean culture. <span style="background-color: #000000; color: #ffff00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;">__**Resourses**__

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bibliography/Resources: __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[] [] Dwyer, Christopher. __Chile__. USA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999.

<span style="background-color: #800080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;">__**Geography Essential Understandings​**__

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 180%; text-align: center;">1. Explain the theory of continental drift/plate tectonics.

2. Describe the different scientific theories of how the Earth's surface is formed and how those theories developed.

<span style="background-color: #ff8e00; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;">__**​Geography Essential Question**__ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 180%; text-align: center;">1. Do Chile's mountains bring danger to Chile is someway? ​ <span style="background-color: #0e79be; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;">__**Geography Thesis ​Statement**__ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 180%; text-align: center;">1. Chile's mountains bring danger to Chile in someway. ​ ​<span style="background-color: #e7cc3c; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;">__**Expository Essay**​__ Please click on the file below: Curtis,Neil.__Planet Earth.__New York:Kingfisher Publications, 1993.

<span style="background-color: #a97fc7; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%; text-align: center;"> __**KWL Chart**__